On 13 September 2021, five-year-old Allie Hart was doing something ordinary – riding her bike on a pedestrian crossing near her home in Washington, DC.

When the driver of a transit van hit her, she died instantly.

For Allie’s mother, Jessica Hart, “My whole world was shattered.” Yet, she says, nothing changed in the outside world to safeguard people like Allie.

The gap between business-as-usual and her grief prompted Ms Hart to become a crusader against traffic deaths. Now a member of the campaign group DC Families for Safe Streets, she advocates for better-designed streets, more attentive drivers, and safer vehicles.

She believes that the safety of people outside of cars is typically an afterthought when someone decides to buy a car. “For most people, it just comes down to price, preference, and then their perceived safety [for the driver and passengers].”

Technology abounds that can help keep vulnerable road users (VRUs) safer. VRUs include pedestrians, wheelchair users, cyclists, motorcyclists and scooter riders. Together they are the majority of people killed by cars globally.

Yet some well-established safety features are not always integrated into new vehicles, safety ratings and regulations.

One reason is cost. Drivers might, in theory, be keen on extra safety features, but if they make the car significantly more expensive, would they actually buy them?

Alex Thompson has given that question a lot of thought. He is the principal safety engineer for Thatcham Research, a nonprofit automotive risk intelligence company funded by insurers.

Newer and older car models at Thatcham Research's Safety LaboratoryIMAGE SOURCE,CHRISTINE RO
Image caption,

Thatcham Research tests a variety of cars at its research centre

Much of Mr Thompson’s job involves crash testing.

Mr Thompson says that, as the technology matures, costs tend to come down. “You don’t want the most safe vehicle to always be the most expensive vehicle,” he says.

A relatively simple design transition has been toward more flexible materials, including smoothing out areas of the bonnet where struck pedestrians are likely to hit their heads. “Anything stiff is bad for a pedestrian,” Mr Thompson explains.

Along these lines, front bumpers need to be very rigid, but new models have foam padding or other materials under the bumpers to absorb some of the energy of impact.

Certain challenges remain in this regard. Windscreen pillars (A-pillars) are designed not to collapse on collision, and Mr Thompson says that vehicle manufacturers still find it challenging to integrate safety for VRUs.

“As a pedestrian, if you hit that, it’s probably the worst place in the vehicle where you can hit.” The top of the windscreen is a particular danger point for cyclists.

It’s this zone that Volvo targeted back in 2012, when it introduced pedestrian airbags to its V40.

According to the company, “The purpose of these airbags was to help protect pedestrians in certain situations when they impact the bonnet, and the area around the windscreen wiper recess and A-pillar, where there may be a risk of serious head injuries.”

However, rollout of this innovation has been slow across other models.

Volvo pedestrian airbagIMAGE SOURCE,VOLVO
Image caption,

Volvo has developed an airbag to help protect cyclists or pedestrians in a collision

Another passive safety feature is a pop up bonnet, which uses sensors to detect when a person has been hit, then uses pyrotechnic charges to lift the bonnet. This reduces the impact of the collision. Mr Thompson says that this feature depends for instance on the size of the engine and amount of available space.

Passive safety is no substitute for active safety features. “You can make a vehicle as benign for pedestrians as possible. But it’s better to prevent that crash in the first place,” Mr Thompson points out.

For active safety, a key preventive technology is automatic/autonomous emergency braking (AEB). This system automatically applies the brakes when a vehicle’s cameras and sensors detect a pedestrian at risk.

AEB has become common for new cars in Europe. It’s not a perfect technology; it works best at low speeds, and performance can suffer at night or with darting movements of pedestrians. But it’s becoming more sophisticated and varied.

Car manufacturers are increasingly using lidar (light detection and ranging) alongside radar as AEB sensors. They’re also fitting a variety of AEB systems targeting not just pedestrians, but also other VRUs.

These include cyclists. Thatcham Research is a test facility for the European New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP), which from 2023 has incorporated dooring into its safety assessments. Dooring refers to opening a car door onto an oncoming cyclist. Technology systems now exist to warn people inside a car of a cyclist near a door, or to prevent the door from being opened.

Crash test of the NIO ET5, which in 2023 received a score of 83% for vulnerable road users from Euro NCAPIMAGE SOURCE,EURO NCAP
Image caption,

The European New Car Assessment Programme tests how safe cars are for vulnerable road users

Speed is also a critical factor in the severity of impacts. The risk and extent of an injury go down with lower speeds, notes Mike McGinn, the executive director of the advocacy organisation America Walks. The EU has mandated intelligent speed assistance (ISA) systems, which warn of high speeds or automatically reduce speeds, on new cars.

As well as speed, the size of cars is an important factor.

The increasing popularity of larger passenger vehicles like SUVs, in the US and elsewhere, is worrying for the safety of people on the street.

“They’re heavier, but there’s also blunt force impact,” Mr McGinn says.

In addition, “as the cars have gotten larger, their ability to see what is in front and behind has just gone down”.

Certain cities have attempted to discourage SUVs by charging owners more to park or register them.

More broadly, vehicle regulation to improve safety for vulnerable road users has been varied.

Test of a pedestrian automatic emergency braking systemIMAGE SOURCE,THATCHAM RESEARCH
Image caption,

US authorities are assessing pedestrian automatic emergency braking systems

In the US, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) is considering a change to its own New Car Assessment Programme (NCAP) to factor in pedestrian protection.

“This is the first time that vehicles in the US are potentially being rated or regulated with regard to their safety for pedestrians,” says Mr McGinn.

The NHTSA is also mulling over a safety rule for pedestrian automatic emergency braking. According to the agency, this has “an estimated safety potential to save hundreds of lives annually”.

Commercial vehicles are already subject to stricter regulation. For example, the EU and Japan require direct vision on heavy goods vehicles. In other words, lorry drivers need to be able to see vulnerable road users directly, without needing to depend on mirrors. London has also now made it mandatory for lorries to reduce blind spots.

Ultimately, Ms Hart points out, preventable tragedies from traffic violence don’t just affect non-drivers. “Everyone gets out of their car, no matter where they live.”

“Nobody is immune. So one thing we have to do is think about how we design vehicles, and one way to do that is through regulation.”

Source

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  78. {Tôi khá hài lòng để tìm thấy trang web tuyệt vời này. Tôi muốn cảm ơn bạn {vì đã|dành thời gian cho|chỉ vì điều này|vì điều này|cho bài đọc tuyệt vời này!! Tôi chắc chắn yêu thích từng của nó và tôi cũng đã đánh dấu để xem thông tin mới trong blog của bạn.|Tôi có thể chỉ nói rằng thật thoải mái để tìm thấy một người mà thực sự hiểu họ là gì thảo luận trên internet. Bạn chắc chắn nhận ra cách đưa một rắc rối ra ánh sáng và làm cho nó trở nên quan trọng. Nhiều người hơn cần kiểm tra điều này và hiểu khía cạnh này của. Tôi không thể tin bạn không nổi tiếng hơn cho rằng bạn chắc chắn sở hữu món quà.|Tốt bài viết. Tôi chắc chắn yêu thích trang web này. Tiếp tục với nó!|Thật khó đến những người có hiểu biết sâu rộng cho điều này, tuy nhiên, bạn có vẻ bạn biết mình đang nói gì! Cảm ơn|Bạn cần tham gia một cuộc thi dành cho một trang web trên mạng có chất lượng cao nhất. Tôi sẽ khuyến nghị trang web này!|Một cuộc thảo luận thú vị đáng giá bình luận. Tôi nghĩ rằng bạn nên viết thêm về chủ đề này, nó có thể không là một điều cấm kỵ chủ đề nhưng điển hình mọi người không nói về những chủ đề như vậy. Đến phần tiếp theo! Chúc mọi điều tốt đẹp nhất.|Xin chào! Tôi chỉ muốn cho bạn một rất cho thông tin xuất sắc bạn có ở đây trên bài đăng này. Tôi sẽ là quay lại trang web của bạn để biết thêm thông tin sớm nhất.|Khi tôi ban đầu để lại bình luận tôi có vẻ như đã nhấp vào hộp kiểm -Thông báo cho tôi khi có bình luận mới- và bây giờ mỗi lần được thêm vào tôi nhận được 4 email cùng chính xác một bình luận. Phải có một cách bạn có thể xóa tôi khỏi dịch vụ đó không? Cảm kích.|Lần sau Tôi đọc một blog, Tôi hy vọng rằng nó sẽ không làm tôi thất vọng nhiều như bài này. Rốt cuộc, Vâng, đó là sự lựa chọn của tôi để đọc hết, dù sao thì tôi thực sự nghĩ có lẽ có điều gì đó hữu ích để nói về. Tất cả những gì tôi nghe được là một loạt rên rỉ về điều gì đó mà bạn có thể sửa nếu bạn không quá bận tìm kiếm sự chú ý.|Đúng với bài viết này, tôi thực sự nghĩ trang web này cần nhiều hơn nữa sự chú ý.

  79. {Tôi rất hài lòng khám phá trang web này. Tôi muốn cảm ơn bạn {vì đã|dành thời gian cho|chỉ vì điều này|vì điều này|cho bài đọc tuyệt vời này!! Tôi chắc chắn yêu thích từng một chút nó và tôi đã đã đánh dấu trang để xem những thứ mới trên trang web của bạn.|Tôi có thể chỉ nói rằng thật nhẹ nhõm để tìm thấy một người mà thực sự biết họ là gì đang nói về trực tuyến. Bạn thực sự hiểu cách đưa một vấn đề ra ánh sáng và làm cho nó trở nên quan trọng. Nhiều người hơn nữa thực sự cần đọc điều này và hiểu khía cạnh này câu chuyện của bạn. Tôi đã ngạc nhiên bạn không nổi tiếng hơn vì bạn chắc chắn có món quà.|Rất hay bài đăng. Tôi hoàn toàn yêu thích trang web này. Cảm ơn!|Thật khó tìm những người có kinh nghiệm trong chủ đề cụ thể này, nhưng bạn có vẻ bạn biết mình đang nói gì! Cảm ơn|Bạn nên tham gia một cuộc thi dành cho một trang web trên mạng tuyệt vời nhất. Tôi chắc chắn sẽ Rất khuyến nghị trang web này!|Một hấp dẫn đáng giá bình luận. Tôi tin rằng bạn cần xuất bản thêm về chủ đề này, nó có thể không là một điều cấm kỵ chủ đề nhưng thường xuyên mọi người không nói về vấn đề như vậy. Đến phần tiếp theo! Trân trọng!|Xin chào! Tôi chỉ muốn cho bạn một rất cho thông tin xuất sắc bạn có ở đây trên bài đăng này. Tôi đang quay lại blog của bạn để biết thêm thông tin sớm nhất.|Sau khi tôi ban đầu bình luận tôi có vẻ như đã nhấp hộp kiểm -Thông báo cho tôi khi có bình luận mới- và bây giờ mỗi lần được thêm vào tôi nhận được 4 email cùng chính xác một bình luận. Có một cách bạn có thể xóa tôi khỏi dịch vụ đó không? Cảm ơn rất nhiều.|Lần sau Tôi đọc một blog, Hy vọng rằng nó không thất bại nhiều như bài này. Rốt cuộc, Vâng, đó là sự lựa chọn của tôi để đọc, tuy nhiên tôi thực sự nghĩ bạn sẽ có điều gì đó hữu ích để nói. Tất cả những gì tôi nghe được là một loạt rên rỉ về điều gì đó mà bạn có thể sửa nếu bạn không quá bận tìm kiếm sự chú ý.|Đúng với bài viết này, tôi nghiêm túc tin trang web này cần nhiều hơn nữa sự chú ý.

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  143. Hello there! This blog post couldn’t be written any better! Looking at this post reminds me of my previous roommate! He always kept talking about this. I’ll forward this article to him. Fairly certain he will have a very good read. Many thanks for sharing!

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